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A judgment sample, also known as an expert or purposive sample, is a type of non-random sample, where a researcher or expert selects the sample based on who they believe would be most useful or appropriate for the study.cite-ref-0-1-0[1]cite-ref-2[2]

Results obtained from a judgment sample are subject to some degree of bias and may be hard to generalize, due to the chosen sample not representing the larger population.cite-ref-0-1-1[1]

A random sample would provide less bias, but potentially less raw information.cite-ref-3[3] The pitfalls of this system are significant because of bias, limited statistical methods, and limits to an expert's ability to choose a good sample.

cite-note-0-11. ↑ citerefahmed2024Ahmed, Sirwan Khalid (December 2024). "How to choose a sampling technique and determine sample size for research: A simplified guide for researchers". Oral Oncology Reports. 12: 100662. doi:10.1016/j.oor.2024.100662.

cite-note-22. ↑ citerefdeming1990Deming, W. Edwards (1990). Sample Design in business research. John Wiley and Sons. p. 31. ISBN 0-471-52370-4.

cite-note-33. ↑ citerefpalinkashorwitzgreenwisdom2015Palinkas, Lawrence A.; Horwitz, Sarah M.; Green, Carla A.; Wisdom, Jennifer P.; Duan, Naihua; Hoagwood, Kimberly (September 2015). "Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research". Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research. 42 (5): 533–544. doi:10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y. ISSN 0894-587X. PMC 4012002. PMID 24193818.